/* kwset.c - search for any of a set of keywords.
   Copyright 1989, 1998, 2000, 2005-2006, 2010, 2012, 2015 Free Software
   Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/* Written August 1989 by Mike Haertel.
   The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
   or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */

/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
   to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
   See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
   IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
   Heidelberg, Germany.  See also Aho, A.V., and M. Corasick, "Efficient
   String Matching:  An Aid to Bibliographic Search," CACM June 1975,
   Vol. 18, No. 6, which describes the failure function used below. */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "kwset.h"
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "obstack.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#define _(str) gettext (str)

#ifdef GREP
extern char *xmalloc();
# undef malloc
# define malloc xmalloc
#endif

#define NCHAR (UCHAR_MAX + 1)
#define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc
#define obstack_chunk_free free

/* Balanced tree of edges and labels leaving a given trie node. */
struct tree
{
  struct tree *llink;           /* Left link; MUST be first field. */
  struct tree *rlink;           /* Right link (to larger labels). */
  struct trie *trie;            /* Trie node pointed to by this edge. */
  unsigned char label;          /* Label on this edge. */
  char balance;                 /* Difference in depths of subtrees. */
};

/* Node of a trie representing a set of reversed keywords. */
struct trie
{
  unsigned int accepting;       /* Word index of accepted word, or zero. */
  struct tree *links;           /* Tree of edges leaving this node. */
  struct trie *parent;          /* Parent of this node. */
  struct trie *next;            /* List of all trie nodes in level order. */
  struct trie *fail;            /* Aho-Corasick failure function. */
  int depth;                    /* Depth of this node from the root. */
  int shift;                    /* Shift function for search failures. */
  int maxshift;                 /* Max shift of self and descendents. */
};

/* Structure returned opaquely to the caller, containing everything. */
struct kwset
{
  struct obstack obstack;       /* Obstack for node allocation. */
  int words;                    /* Number of words in the trie. */
  struct trie *trie;            /* The trie itself. */
  int mind;                     /* Minimum depth of an accepting node. */
  int maxd;                     /* Maximum depth of any node. */
  unsigned char delta[NCHAR];   /* Delta table for rapid search. */
  struct trie *next[NCHAR];     /* Table of children of the root. */
  char *target;                 /* Target string if there's only one. */
  int mind2;                    /* Used in Boyer-Moore search for one string. */
  char const *trans;            /* Character translation table. */
};

/* Allocate and initialize a keyword set object, returning an opaque
   pointer to it.  Return NULL if memory is not available. */
kwset_t
kwsalloc (char const *trans)
{
  struct kwset *kwset;

  kwset = (struct kwset *) malloc (sizeof (struct kwset));
  if (!kwset)
    return NULL;

  obstack_init (&kwset->obstack);
  kwset->words = 0;
  kwset->trie
    = (struct trie *) obstack_alloc (&kwset->obstack, sizeof (struct trie));
  if (!kwset->trie)
    {
      kwsfree (kwset);
      return NULL;
    }
  kwset->trie->accepting = 0;
  kwset->trie->links = 0;
  kwset->trie->parent = 0;
  kwset->trie->next = 0;
  kwset->trie->fail = 0;
  kwset->trie->depth = 0;
  kwset->trie->shift = 0;
  kwset->mind = INT_MAX;
  kwset->maxd = -1;
  kwset->target = 0;
  kwset->trans = trans;

  return kwset;
}

/* Add the given string to the contents of the keyword set.  Return NULL
   for success, an error message otherwise. */
const char *
kwsincr (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t len)
{
  struct kwset *kwset;
  register struct trie *trie;

  kwset = (struct kwset *) kws;
  trie = kwset->trie;
  text += len;

  /* Descend the trie (built of reversed keywords) character-by-character,
     installing new nodes when necessary. */
  while (len--)
    {
      register unsigned char label;
      register struct tree *link;
      register int depth;
      struct tree *links[12];
      enum { L, R } dirs[12];

      label = kwset->trans ? kwset->trans[(unsigned char) *--text] : *--text;

      /* Descend the tree of outgoing links for this trie node,
         looking for the current character and keeping track
         of the path followed. */
      link = trie->links;
      links[0] = (struct tree *) &trie->links;
      dirs[0] = L;
      depth = 1;

      while (link && label != link->label)
        {
          links[depth] = link;
          if (label < link->label)
            dirs[depth++] = L, link = link->llink;
          else
            dirs[depth++] = R, link = link->rlink;
        }

      /* The current character doesn't have an outgoing link at
         this trie node, so build a new trie node and install
         a link in the current trie node's tree. */
      if (!link)
        {
          link = (struct tree *) obstack_alloc (&kwset->obstack,
                                                sizeof (struct tree));
          if (!link)
            return _("memory exhausted");
          link->llink = 0;
          link->rlink = 0;
          link->trie = (struct trie *) obstack_alloc (&kwset->obstack,
                                                      sizeof (struct trie));
          if (!link->trie)
            return _("memory exhausted");
          link->trie->accepting = 0;
          link->trie->links = 0;
          link->trie->parent = trie;
          link->trie->next = 0;
          link->trie->fail = 0;
          link->trie->depth = trie->depth + 1;
          link->trie->shift = 0;
          link->label = label;
          link->balance = 0;

          /* Install the new tree node in its parent. */
          if (dirs[--depth] == L)
            links[depth]->llink = link;
          else
            links[depth]->rlink = link;

          /* Back up the tree fixing the balance flags. */
          while (depth && !links[depth]->balance)
            {
              if (dirs[depth] == L)
                --links[depth]->balance;
              else
                ++links[depth]->balance;
              --depth;
            }

          /* Rebalance the tree by pointer rotations if necessary. */
          if (depth && ((dirs[depth] == L && --links[depth]->balance)
                        || (dirs[depth] == R && ++links[depth]->balance)))
            {
              struct tree *t;

              switch (links[depth]->balance)
                {
                  struct tree *r, *l, *rl, *lr;
                case (char) -2:
                  switch (dirs[depth + 1])
                    {
                    case L:
                      r = links[depth], t = r->llink, rl = t->rlink;
                      t->rlink = r, r->llink = rl;
                      t->balance = r->balance = 0;
                      break;
                    case R:
                      r = links[depth], l = r->llink, t = l->rlink;
                      rl = t->rlink, lr = t->llink;
                      t->llink = l, l->rlink = lr, t->rlink = r, r->llink = rl;
                      l->balance = t->balance != 1 ? 0 : -1;
                      r->balance = t->balance != (char) -1 ? 0 : 1;
                      t->balance = 0;
                      break;
                    default:
                      abort ();
                    }
                  break;
                case 2:
                  switch (dirs[depth + 1])
                    {
                    case R:
                      l = links[depth], t = l->rlink, lr = t->llink;
                      t->llink = l, l->rlink = lr;
                      t->balance = l->balance = 0;
                      break;
                    case L:
                      l = links[depth], r = l->rlink, t = r->llink;
                      lr = t->llink, rl = t->rlink;
                      t->llink = l, l->rlink = lr, t->rlink = r, r->llink = rl;
                      l->balance = t->balance != 1 ? 0 : -1;
                      r->balance = t->balance != (char) -1 ? 0 : 1;
                      t->balance = 0;
                      break;
                    default:
                      abort ();
                    }
                  break;
                default:
                  abort ();
                }

              if (dirs[depth - 1] == L)
                links[depth - 1]->llink = t;
              else
                links[depth - 1]->rlink = t;
            }
        }

      trie = link->trie;
    }

  /* Mark the node we finally reached as accepting, encoding the
     index number of this word in the keyword set so far. */
  if (!trie->accepting)
    trie->accepting = 1 + 2 * kwset->words;
  ++kwset->words;

  /* Keep track of the longest and shortest string of the keyword set. */
  if (trie->depth < kwset->mind)
    kwset->mind = trie->depth;
  if (trie->depth > kwset->maxd)
    kwset->maxd = trie->depth;

  return 0;
}

/* Enqueue the trie nodes referenced from the given tree in the
   given queue. */
static void
enqueue (struct tree *tree, struct trie **last)
{
  if (!tree)
    return;
  enqueue (tree->llink, last);
  enqueue (tree->rlink, last);
  (*last) = (*last)->next = tree->trie;
}

/* Compute the Aho-Corasick failure function for the trie nodes referenced
   from the given tree, given the failure function for their parent as
   well as a last resort failure node. */
static void
treefails (register struct tree const *tree, struct trie const *fail,
           struct trie *recourse)
{
  if (!tree)
    return;

  treefails (tree->llink, fail, recourse);
  treefails (tree->rlink, fail, recourse);

  /* Find, in the chain of fails going back to the root, the first
     node that has a descendent on the current label. */
  while (fail)
    {
      register struct tree *link;

      link = fail->links;
      while (link && tree->label != link->label)
        if (tree->label < link->label)
          link = link->llink;
        else
          link = link->rlink;
      if (link)
        {
          tree->trie->fail = link->trie;
          return;
        }
      fail = fail->fail;
    }

  tree->trie->fail = recourse;
}

/* Set delta entries for the links of the given tree such that
   the preexisting delta value is larger than the current depth. */
static void
treedelta (register struct tree const *tree,
           register unsigned int depth,
           unsigned char delta[])
{
  if (!tree)
    return;
  treedelta (tree->llink, depth, delta);
  treedelta (tree->rlink, depth, delta);
  if (depth < delta[tree->label])
    delta[tree->label] = depth;
}

/* Return true if A has every label in B. */
static int
hasevery (register struct tree const *a, register struct tree const *b)
{
  if (!b)
    return 1;
  if (!hasevery (a, b->llink))
    return 0;
  if (!hasevery (a, b->rlink))
    return 0;
  while (a && b->label != a->label)
    if (b->label < a->label)
      a = a->llink;
    else
      a = a->rlink;
  return !!a;
}

/* Compute a vector, indexed by character code, of the trie nodes
   referenced from the given tree. */
static void
treenext (struct tree const *tree, struct trie *next[])
{
  if (!tree)
    return;
  treenext (tree->llink, next);
  treenext (tree->rlink, next);
  next[tree->label] = tree->trie;
}

/* Compute the shift for each trie node, as well as the delta
   table and next cache for the given keyword set. */
const char *
kwsprep (kwset_t kwset)
{
  unsigned char delta[NCHAR];

  /* Initial values for the delta table; will be changed later.  The
     delta entry for a given character is the smallest depth of any
     node at which an outgoing edge is labeled by that character. */
  {
    register int i;

    if (kwset->mind < 256)
      for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
        delta[i] = kwset->mind;
    else
      for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
        delta[i] = 255;
  }

  /* Check if we can use the simple boyer-moore algorithm, instead
     of the hairy commentz-walter algorithm. */
  if (kwset->words == 1 && kwset->trans == 0)
    {
      register int i;
      register struct trie *curr;

      /* Looking for just one string.  Extract it from the trie. */
      kwset->target = (char *) obstack_alloc (&kwset->obstack, kwset->mind);
      for (i = kwset->mind - 1, curr = kwset->trie; i >= 0; --i)
        {
          kwset->target[i] = curr->links->label;
          curr = curr->links->trie;
        }
      /* Build the Boyer Moore delta.  Boy that's easy compared to CW. */
      for (i = 0; i < kwset->mind; ++i)
        delta[(unsigned char) kwset->target[i]] = kwset->mind - (i + 1);
      kwset->mind2 = kwset->mind;
      /* Find the minimal delta2 shift that we might make after
         a backwards match has failed. */
      for (i = 0; i < kwset->mind - 1; ++i)
        if (kwset->target[i] == kwset->target[kwset->mind - 1])
          kwset->mind2 = kwset->mind - (i + 1);
    }
  else
    {
      register struct trie *curr;
      struct trie *last;

      /* Traverse the nodes of the trie in level order, simultaneously
         computing the delta table, failure function, and shift function. */
      for (curr = last = kwset->trie; curr; curr = curr->next)
        {
          register struct trie *fail;

          /* Enqueue the immediate descendents in the level order queue. */
          enqueue (curr->links, &last);

          curr->shift = kwset->mind;
          curr->maxshift = kwset->mind;

          /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
          treedelta (curr->links, curr->depth, delta);

          /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
          treefails (curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);

          /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
             of fails back to the root. */
          for (fail = curr->fail; fail; fail = fail->fail)
            {
              /* If the current node has some outgoing edge that the fail
                 doesn't, then the shift at the fail should be no larger
                 than the difference of their depths. */
              if (!hasevery (fail->links, curr->links))
                if (curr->depth - fail->depth < fail->shift)
                  fail->shift = curr->depth - fail->depth;

              /* If the current node is accepting then the shift at the
                 fail and its descendents should be no larger than the
                 difference of their depths. */
              if (curr->accepting && fail->maxshift > curr->depth - fail->depth)
                fail->maxshift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
            }
        }

      /* Traverse the trie in level order again, fixing up all nodes whose
         shift exceeds their inherited maxshift. */
      for (curr = kwset->trie->next; curr; curr = curr->next)
        {
          if (curr->maxshift > curr->parent->maxshift)
            curr->maxshift = curr->parent->maxshift;
          if (curr->shift > curr->maxshift)
            curr->shift = curr->maxshift;
        }

      /* Create a vector, indexed by character code, of the outgoing links
         from the root node. */
      {
        struct trie *next[NCHAR];
        register int i;

        for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
          next[i] = 0;
        treenext (kwset->trie->links, next);

        {
          register char const *trans;

          if ((trans = kwset->trans) != 0)
            for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
              kwset->next[i] = next[(unsigned char) trans[i]];
          else
            for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
              kwset->next[i] = next[i];
        }
      }
    }

  /* Fix things up for any translation table. */
  {
    register char const *trans;
    register int i;

    if ((trans = kwset->trans) != 0)
      for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
        kwset->delta[i] = delta[(unsigned char) trans[i]];
    else
      for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
        kwset->delta[i] = delta[i];
  }

  return 0;
}

#define U(C) ((unsigned char) (C))

/* Fast boyer-moore search. */
static size_t
bmexec (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t size)
{
  struct kwset const *kwset;
  register int len;

  kwset = (struct kwset const *) kws;
  len = kwset->mind;

  if (len == 0)
    return 0;
  if (len > size)
    return -1;
  if (len == 1)
    {
      register char const *tp;

      tp = (const char *) memchr (text, kwset->target[0], size);
      return tp ? tp - text : -1;
    }

  {
    register unsigned char const *d1;
    register char const *sp;
    register int gc;
    register int md2;
    register char const *tp;

    d1 = kwset->delta;
    sp = kwset->target + len;
    gc = U(sp[-2]);
    md2 = kwset->mind2;
    tp = text + len;

    /* Significance of 12: 1 (initial offset) + 10 (skip loop) + 1 (md2). */
    if (size > 12 * len)
      {
        register char const *ep;
        register int d;

        /* 11 is not a bug, the initial offset happens only once. */
        for (ep = text + size - 11 * len;;)
          {
            while (tp <= ep)
              {
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                if (d == 0)
                  goto found;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                if (d == 0)
                  goto found;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                if (d == 0)
                  goto found;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
                d = d1[U(tp[-1])], tp += d;
              }
            break;
          found:
            if (U(tp[-2]) == gc)
              {
                register int i;
                for (i = 3; i <= len && U(tp[-i]) == U(sp[-i]); ++i)
                  ;
                if (i > len)
                  return tp - len - text;
              }
            tp += md2;
          }
      }

    {
      /* Now we have only a few characters left to search.  We
         carefully avoid ever producing an out-of-bounds pointer. */
      register char const *ep;
      register int d;

      ep = text + size;
      d = d1[U(tp[-1])];
      while (d <= ep - tp)
        {
          d = d1[U((tp += d)[-1])];
          if (d != 0)
            continue;
          if (U(tp[-2]) == gc)
            {
              register int i;
              for (i = 3; i <= len && U(tp[-i]) == U(sp[-i]); ++i)
                ;
              if (i > len)
                return tp - len - text;
            }
          d = md2;
        }
    }
  }

  return -1;
}

/* Hairy multiple string search. */
static size_t
cwexec (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t len, struct kwsmatch *kwsmatch)
{
  struct kwset const *kwset;

  /* Initialize register copies and look for easy ways out. */
  kwset = (struct kwset *) kws;
  if (len < kwset->mind)
    return -1;
  {
    struct trie const *accept;
    struct trie * const *next;
    register unsigned char const *delta;
    register char const *trans;
    char const *lim;
    register char const *end;
    register int d;
    char const *mch;
    register char const *qlim;

    accept = NULL;

    next = kwset->next;
    delta = kwset->delta;
    trans = kwset->trans;
    lim = text + len;
    end = text;
    if ((d = kwset->mind) != 0)
      mch = 0;
    else
      {
        mch = text, accept = kwset->trie;
        goto match;
      }

    if (len >= 4 * kwset->mind)
      qlim = lim - 4 * kwset->mind;
    else
      qlim = 0;

    while (lim - end >= d)
      {
        char const *beg;
        struct trie const *trie;

        {
          register unsigned char c;

          if (qlim && end <= qlim)
            {
              end += d - 1;
              while ((d = delta[c = *end]) && end < qlim)
                {
                  end += d;
                  end += delta[(unsigned char) *end];
                  end += delta[(unsigned char) *end];
                }
              ++end;
            }
          else
            d = delta[c = (end += d)[-1]];
          if (d)
            continue;
          beg = end - 1;
          trie = next[c];
        }
        if (trie->accepting)
          {
            mch = beg;
            accept = trie;
          }
        d = trie->shift;
        while (beg > text)
          {
            register unsigned char c;
            register struct tree const *tree;

            c = trans ? trans[(unsigned char) *--beg] : *--beg;
            tree = trie->links;
            while (tree && c != tree->label)
              if (c < tree->label)
                tree = tree->llink;
              else
                tree = tree->rlink;
            if (tree)
              {
                trie = tree->trie;
                if (trie->accepting)
                  {
                    mch = beg;
                    accept = trie;
                  }
              }
            else
              break;
            d = trie->shift;
          }
        if (mch)
          goto match;
      }
    return -1;

   match:
    /* Given a known match, find the longest possible match anchored
       at or before its starting point.  This is nearly a verbatim
       copy of the preceding main search loops. */
    {
      char const *lmch;

      if (lim - mch > kwset->maxd)
        lim = mch + kwset->maxd;
      lmch = 0;
      d = 1;
      while (lim - end >= d)
        {
          char const *beg;
          struct trie const *trie;

          {
            register unsigned char c;

            if ((d = delta[c = (end += d)[-1]]) != 0)
              continue;
            beg = end - 1;
            if (!(trie = next[c]))
              {
                d = 1;
                continue;
              }
          }
          if (trie->accepting && beg <= mch)
            {
              lmch = beg;
              accept = trie;
            }
          d = trie->shift;
          while (beg > text)
            {
              register unsigned char c;
              register struct tree const *tree;

              c = trans ? trans[(unsigned char) *--beg] : *--beg;
              tree = trie->links;
              while (tree && c != tree->label)
                if (c < tree->label)
                  tree = tree->llink;
                else
                  tree = tree->rlink;
              if (tree)
                {
                  trie = tree->trie;
                  if (trie->accepting && beg <= mch)
                    {
                      lmch = beg;
                      accept = trie;
                    }
                }
              else
                break;
              d = trie->shift;
            }
          if (lmch)
            {
              mch = lmch;
              goto match;
            }
          if (!d)
            d = 1;
        }
    }

    if (kwsmatch)
      {
        kwsmatch->index = accept->accepting / 2;
        kwsmatch->offset[0] = mch - text;
        kwsmatch->size[0] = accept->depth;
      }
    return mch - text;
  }
}

/* Search through the given text for a match of any member of the
   given keyword set.  Return a pointer to the first character of
   the matching substring, or NULL if no match is found.  If FOUNDLEN
   is non-NULL store in the referenced location the length of the
   matching substring.  Similarly, if FOUNDIDX is non-NULL, store
   in the referenced location the index number of the particular
   keyword matched. */
size_t
kwsexec (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t size,
         struct kwsmatch *kwsmatch)
{
  struct kwset const *kwset = (struct kwset *) kws;
  if (kwset->words == 1 && kwset->trans == 0)
    {
      size_t ret = bmexec (kws, text, size);
      if (kwsmatch != 0 && ret != (size_t) -1)
        {
          kwsmatch->index = 0;
          kwsmatch->offset[0] = ret;
          kwsmatch->size[0] = kwset->mind;
        }
      return ret;
    }
  else
    return cwexec (kws, text, size, kwsmatch);
}

/* Free the components of the given keyword set. */
void
kwsfree (kwset_t kwset)
{
  obstack_free (&kwset->obstack, 0);
  free (kwset);
}
